What stuffs causes vain ?
1- unbeliever

«...‌و مَن يَرتَدِد مِنكُم عَن دينِهِ فَيَمُت و هُوَ كافِرٌ فَاُولـئِكَ حَبِطَت اَعمــلُهُم فِى الدُّنيا و الأخِرَةِ و اُولـئِكَ اَصحـبُ النّارِ هُم فيها خــلِدون» surah albagharah
217.. and if any of you turn back from their Faith and die In Unbelief, their works will bear no fruit In This life and In the Hereafter; They will be companions of the Fire and will abide therein.

«اِنَّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا و صَدّوا عَن سَبيلِ اللّهِ و شاقُّوا الرَّسولَ مِن بَعدِ ما تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الهُدى لَن‌يَضُرُّوا اللّهَ شيــًا و سَيُحبِطُ اَعمــلَهُم». Surah muhammad
32. Those who reject Allah, hinder (men) from the path of Allah, and resist the Messenger, after guidance has been clearly shown to them, will not injure Allah In the least, but He will make their deeds of no effect.
«والَّذينَ كَفَروا فَتَعسـًا لَهُم و اَضَلَّ اَعمــلَهُم * ذلِكَ بِاَنَّهُم كَرِهوا ما اَنزَلَ اللّهُ فَاَحبَطَ اَعمــلَهُم».
Surah Muhammad
8. But those who reject ((Allah)),- for them is destruction, and ((Allah)) will render their deeds astray (from their mark).
9. That is because They hate the Revelation of Allah. so He has made their deeds fruitless.

«اِنَّ الَّذينَ يَكفُرونَ بِـايـتِ اللّهِ و يَقتُلونَ النَّبِيّينَ بِغَيرِ حَقّ و يَقتُلونَ الَّذينَ يَأمُرونَ بِالقِسطِ مِنَ النّاسِ فَبَشِّرهُم بِعَذاب اَليم * اولـئِكَ الَّذينَ حَبِطَت اَعمــلُهُم فِى الدُّنيا و الأخِرَةِ‌...» surah ale imran
103. Say: "Shall we Tell you of those who lose Most In of their deeds?-

105. They are those who deny the Signs of their Lord the fact of their having to meet Him (in the Hereafter): vain will be their nor shall We, on the Day of Judgment, give them any weight.

والَّذينَ كَذَّبوا بِـايـتِنا و لِقاءِ الأخِرَةِ حَبِطَت اَعمــلُهُم . surah alaraf
147. Those who reject Our Signs and the meeting In the Hereafter,- vain are their deeds: can They expect to be rewarded except As They have wrought?
اُولـئِكَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا بِـايـتِ رَبِّهِم و لِقائِهِ فَحَبِطَت اَعمــلُهُم»
surah alkahf
105. They are those who deny the Signs of their Lord the fact of their having to meet Him (in the Hereafter): vain will be their nor shall We, on the Day of Judgment, give them any weight.

«مَثَلُ الَّذينَ كَفَروا بِرَبِّهِم اَعمــلُهُم كَرَماد اشتَدَّت بِهِ الرِّيحُ فى يَوم عاصِف لايَقدِرونَ مِمّا كَسَبوا عَلى شَىء». Surah alibrahim
18. The parable of those who reject their Lord is that their works are As ashes, on which the wind blows furiously on a tempestuous Day: no power have They over aught that They have earned: that is the straying far, far (from the goal).